The Path to Athlete Burnout: A Mediation Model of Coaching Behavior, Communication, and Coach–Athlete Relationships
Keywords:
Coaching behavior, Communication patterns, Coach–athlete relationships, Athlete burnout, Autonomy-supportive coachingAbstract
This systematic literature review examines the interplay between coaching behavior, communication patterns, coach–athlete relationships, and athlete burnout. Drawing on findings from diverse studies, the review identifies key factors influencing athlete well-being and burnout susceptibility. Controlling coaching behavior, characterized by criticism and strict directives, correlates with heightened levels of athlete burnout. In contrast, autonomy-supportive coaching practices, which prioritize athletes' self-initiation and decision-making, mitigate burnout risk and enhance intrinsic motivation. Positive coach–athlete relationships emerge as a protective factor against burnout. Athletes who perceive their coaches as supportive and empathetic report lower levels of burnout symptoms, highlighting the importance of trust, mutual respect, and effective communication. Effective communication between coaches and athletes is essential for reducing burnout risk and promoting athlete well-being. Clear, constructive feedback and open dialogue foster understanding, trust, and motivation, while poor communication increases stress and undermines athlete confidence. This review emphasizes the importance of creating a supportive and empowering coaching environment to optimize athlete well-being and performance outcomes. By prioritizing autonomy-supportive coaching practices, cultivating positive coach–athlete relationships, and promoting effective communication, coaches can foster athlete flourishing and resilience in competitive sports settings.
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