Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15647894Keywords:
Instructional Effectiveness, Professional Development, Teacher Self-EfficacyAbstract
This study examined the self-efficacy and performance of 140 teachers in a Central Philippine school district during the 2024–2025 school year, focusing on instructional delivery, classroom management, learner support and motivation, and professional development and collaboration. The sample, balanced in age but predominantly female, married, less experienced, and holding postgraduate degrees, revealed generally very high self-efficacy, especially in instructional delivery and classroom management, with slightly lower confidence in adaptive teaching strategies like differentiated instruction. Overall performance for 2023–2024 was rated outstanding. Significant differences in self-efficacy and performance were observed based on age, teaching experience, and educational attainment, while sex had no significant effect and civil status showed mixed influence. Teachers with higher qualifications demonstrated greater confidence and effectiveness, and older, married, and more experienced teachers earned higher performance ratings. A strong positive correlation between self-efficacy and performance suggests that teacher confidence enhances classroom effectiveness. The study recommends improving teacher training on adaptive instruction and learner support, promoting advanced education, mentoring new teachers, and recognizing excellence. Additionally, it calls for targeted programs for younger and less experienced teachers, ongoing professional development, and initiatives addressing students’ emotional and social needs. Future research should further explore the relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy and training needs to optimize instructional support and performance.
References
Aldridge, J. M., & Fraser, B. J. (2018). Teachers’ views of their school climate and its relationship with teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Learning Environments Research, 21(3), 373–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-018-9264-9
Aldrup, K., Klusmann, U., Lüdtke, O., Göllner, R., & Trautwein, U. (2020). Student misbehavior and teacher well-being: Testing the mediating role of the teacher–student relationship. Learning and Instruction, 66, 101296.
Aliakbari, M., & Heidarzadi, M. (2018). Teacher self-efficacy: A case study of Iranian EFL teachers. Cogent Education, 5(1), 1430402. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2018.1430402
Avalos, B. (2019). Teacher professional development in Teaching and Teacher Education over ten years. Teaching and Teacher Education, 75, 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.07.004
Balagtas, R. S., & De Guzman, L. T. (2024). Philippine Journal of Research in Education, 15(1), 101–115.
Balogun, A. G., Yusuf, O. B., & Olanrewaju, O. (2020). The impact of marital status and emotional intelligence on job satisfaction among Nigerian teachers. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1727663.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Freeman.
Bechtel, P. A., O’Sullivan, M., & Chen, W. (2019). Enhancing teachers’ classroom management practices: Effects of targeted professional development. Teaching and Teacher Education, 82, 95–107.
Buchanan, J., Prescott, A., & Schuck, S. (2022). Teachers and Teaching, 28(2), 153–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2021.1978622
Burić, I., & Moè, A. (2020). Teaching and Teacher Education, 89, 102989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102989
Cabahug, E. C., Gonzales, A. D., & Almonte, R. J. (2024). 21st Century Skills and Teachers’ Performance: Basis for Instructional Development Plan. Journal of Education and Development Research, 12(1), 45–59.
Calansingin, J. F., Litao, R. G., & Manalo, P. V. (2022). Work Engagement and Teaching Performance of Public School Physics Teachers in the New Normal. Philippine Journal of Science and Education, 4(2), 77–90.
Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Steca, P., & Malone, P. S. (2018). Teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs as determinants of job satisfaction and students’ academic achievement: A study at the school level. Journal of School Psychology, 70, 18–31.
Chan, K. W., & Tsui, A. S. (2018). The role of social support in teacher job satisfaction and performance. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 46(5), 824–841.
Collie, R. J., Shapka, J. D., & Perry, N. E. (2018). School climate and social–emotional learning: Predicting teacher stress, job satisfaction, and teaching efficacy. Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(5), 765–780. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000338
Commission on Higher Education (CHED). (2024). Education Statistics Report 2024. https://ched.gov.ph
Cruz, L. M., & Villanueva, A. J. (2021). Philippine Journal of Educational Measurement, 9(2), 22–40.
Cusi, J. J., Abao, G. M., & Elbanbuena, S. A. (2023). School Heads’ Financial Management Skills and their Influence on Teachers’ Performance. Busilak, 1. Retrieved from https://stiwnu-journals.org/index.php/Busilak/article/view/20
Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2019). Effective teacher professional development. Learning Policy Institute. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/effective-teacher-professional-development-report
Delos Reyes, K. A. (2023). Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 11(1), 35–45.
Department of Education (DepEd). (2023). National Educators’ Workforce Report. https://deped.gov.ph
Department of Education. (2022). RPMS-PPST Manual. https://deped.gov.ph
Department of Education. (2023). DepEd Memorandum No. 008, s. 2023: Multi-Year RPMS-PPST Guidelines for School Year 2023–2024. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2023/02/17/dm-008-s-2023/
Eslabon, R. T., Praico, C. M. B., & Mercado, J. L. S. (2023). The Effects of Social Media on the Performance in Statistics of Grade 11 Senior High School Students. Busilak, 1, 126–136. https://stiwnu-journals.org/index.php/Busilak/article/view/25
Estonanto, R. R., & Macale, J. V. (2021). Determinants of Teachers’ Performance in Agusan del Sur Division: Basis for Localized Professional Development. Philippine Social Science Journal, 4(1), 112–125.
Fackler, S., & Malmberg, L.-E. (2018). Teacher efficacy in early career: A qualitative study. Teacher Development, 22(1), 1–21.
Garcia, L. J., & Mendoza, D. R. (2022). Philippine Journal of Teacher Education, 10(1), 12–27.
Gorozidis, G., & Papaioannou, A. (2019). Teachers' motivation to participate in training and the role of attitudes and perceived behavioral control. Teaching and Teacher Education, 77, 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.09.008
Han, M., & Wang, L. (2023). Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 13(1), 21–35.
Kim, L. E., & Asbury, K. (2020). Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 587689. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587689
Kim, L. E., & Jang, H. (2019). Explaining teachers’ instructional self-efficacy: Roles of personal and environmental factors. Teaching and Teacher Education, 85, 105–115.
Klassen, R. M., & Chiu, M. M. (2019). Effects of teachers’ self-efficacy and job satisfaction: A multilevel analysis of teacher and school influences. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(3), 100–110.
Klassen, R. M., & Durksen, T. L. (2021). Educational Psychology, 41(5), 556–573. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2021.1882662
Klassen, R. M., & Tze, V. M. C. (2019). Teachers’ self-efficacy, personality, and teaching effectiveness: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 22, 78–89.
Klassen, R. M., & Tze, V. M. C. (2021). Educational Psychology Review, 33, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09546-1
Kraft, M. A., Blazar, D., & Hogan, D. (2018). The effect of teacher coaching on instruction and achievement: A meta-analysis of the causal evidence. Review of Educational Research, 88(4), 547–588. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654318759268
Ladd, H. F., & Sorensen, L. C. (2018). Returns to teacher experience: Student achievement and motivation in middle school. Journal of Public Economics, 162, 93–108.
Lindqvist, H., Nordänger, U. K., & Carlsson, R. (2018). Teacher autonomy and professional development: A review of teacher self-efficacy beliefs. Teaching and Teacher Education, 75, 264–274.
Liu, S., Wang, M. T., & Kee, Y. H. (2019). Teacher support and student motivation: The mediating role of teacher professional development engagement. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 59, 101799.
Llego, M. A. (2021). Journal of Education and Society, 12(2), 45–59.
Mainit, J. T., & Tuala, J. T. I. (2023). Job Satisfaction and Motivation of DepEd Employees. Busilak, 1. https://stiwnu-journals.org/index.php/Busilak/article/view/22
Manalo, R. G., & Jacinto, M. E. (2024). International Journal of Educational Management in the Philippines, 4(2), 18–30.
Mann, H. B., & Whitney, D. R. (1947). On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18(1), 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177730491
Ng, E. S., & Yuen, M. (2019). Teaching effectiveness: The role of teacher age and experience. Teaching and Teacher Education, 79, 123–132.
OECD. (2018). Effective Teacher Policies: Insights from PISA. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264301603-en
Ozdemir, Y. (2019). Examining the teacher self-efficacy beliefs of pre-service teachers. Journal of Education and Learning, 8(3), 114–123. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v8n3p114
Pamon, K. M., & Oco, A. S. (2024). Teachers’ Competence and Learners’ Academic Performance in Cagayan de Oro City. International Journal of Educational Management and Innovation, 5(1), 63–75.
Paulines, R. M., & Tantiado, J. L. (2024). Teachers’ Classroom Management Practices and Students’ Academic Performance in CDO City. Mindanao Educational Research Journal, 3(2), 29–42.
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). (2020). Vital Statistics Report. https://psa.gov.ph
Ramos, P. A. (2020). Educator’s Digest, 16(3), 12–26.
Reeves, H., & Gore, J. (2022). Cambridge Journal of Education, 52(1), 95–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2021.1915381
Schleicher, A. (2018). Valuing our teachers and raising their status: How communities can help. OECD Publishing.
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2018). Teacher self-efficacy and teacher burnout: A study of relations. Teaching and Teacher Education, 34, 73–81.
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2021). International Journal of Educational Research, 108, 101606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101606
Soriano, J. B. (2020). Philippine Social Science Review, 72(1), 61–78.
Spilt, J. L., Koomen, H. M. Y., & Thijs, J. T. (2018). Teacher wellbeing: The importance of teacher–student relationships. Educational Psychology Review, 30(3), 457–475.
Stronge, J. H. (2018). Qualities of effective teachers (3rd ed.). ASCD.
Toropova, A., Myrberg, E., & Johansson, S. (2020). Teacher job satisfaction: The importance of school working conditions and teacher characteristics. Educational Review, 73(1), 71–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2019.1705247
Torres, F. C., & Aguilar, J. M. (2023). Journal of Educational Leadership in the Philippines, 6(1), 55–68.
Tschannen-Moran, M., & Gareis, C. R. (2018). Principals, teachers, and self-efficacy: Measuring the social context. Journal of Educational Administration, 56(4), 429–442.
Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, A. W. (2018). Teacher efficacy: Capturing an elusive construct. Teaching and Teacher Education, 75, 205–217.
Tschannen-Moran, M., & Johnson, D. (2020). The Reading Teacher, 73(5), 603–612. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1883
UNESCO. (2020). Global Education Monitoring Report 2020: Inclusion and education – All means all. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373718
Van den Bergh, L., Ros, A., & Beijaard, D. (2018). Teacher learning through the collaborative analysis of video cases. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(2), 259–267.
Vangrieken, K., Meredith, C., Packer, T., & Kyndt, E. (2018). Teacher communities as a context for professional development: A systematic review. Teaching and Teacher Education, 81, 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.01.002
World Bank. (2022). Gender and Development Report 2022. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/gender
Yada, A., & Savolainen, H. (2019). A systematic review of teacher self-efficacy studies in Asia. Educational Research Review, 26, 100–117.
Yusoff, N. M., & Jamian, A. R. (2020). Gender and teachers’ performance in primary schools: An empirical study. International Journal of Educational Management, 34(3), 520–532.
Zee, M., & Koomen, H. M. Y. (2018). Teacher self-efficacy and its effects on classroom processes, student academic adjustment, and teacher well-being: A synthesis of 40 years of research. Review of Educational Research, 86(4), 981–1015. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315626801
Zee, M., & Koomen, H. M. Y. (2021). Teaching and Teacher Education, 98, 103219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103219
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Rayan A. Gamuza, Riggi L. Lachica , Mylene A. Bautista (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.