Challenges and Opportunities in School Governance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15430560Keywords:
Challenges, Opportunities, School administrators, School governanceAbstract
The present study aimed to determine the Challenges and Opportunities in School Governance. Eleven School Administrators in the Division of Cadiz City were selected using Purposive sampling. The investigation used the Phenomenological Qualitative research design. The researcher used a researcher-made interview guide as a tool to determine the challenges and opportunities of School Administrators in School Governance. Thematic analysis was used. Based on the results, it was revealed that the challenge faced by school administrators in school governance is the Balancing Strategies. Building a positive culture within the school is one of the main challenges that school administrators must balance. They have also experienced difficulties balancing leading and overseeing all school employees. Another noteworthy piece of information was Meeting Standards. Added to this, work pressure was one of the obstacles faced by school administrators. Discipline and behavior issues were another vital piece that was emphasized. Their duty as school administrators is put to the test by the numerous demanding parents. Change in Curriculum is another challenge for them. In addition, school administrators also encounter difficulties when there are variations in the learning delivery. As to the opportunities of School Administrators in School Governance, the results show they have gained opportunities on Experiences, leadership skills, feelings of fulfillment, experiences on various innovations and research projects, Collaboration Aspect, interaction with many stakeholders, positive influence on the lives of students, teachers, support staff, and other stakeholders was one of the opportunities that school administrators encountered. The least was salary.
References
Adarkwah, M. A. (2021). “I’m not against online teaching,10.1007/s10639-020-10331-z
Adelabu, D. H. (2023, August 25). How educational research could play a greater role in K-12 school improvement. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/how-educational- research-could-play-a-greater-role-in-k-12-school- improvement-211720
Akram, H., Aslam, S., Saleem, A., and Parveen, K. (2021).
263–282. doi: 10.28945/4784
Aslam, S., Saleem, A., Akram, H., Parveen, K., and Hali,
Pakistan. Acad. Letters 2:2678. doi: 10.20935/AL2678
Bae, S.-H. (2023). Comprehensive assessment of factors contributing to the actual turnover of newly licensed registered nurses working in acute care hospitals: a systematic review. BMC Nursing, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01190-3
Barrett, P., Treves, A., Shmis, T., Ambasz, D., & Ustinova, M. (2020). The Impact of School Infrastructure on Learning A Synthesis of the Evidence. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/85382154 3501252792/pdf/132579-PUB-Impact-of-School.pdf
Bowers, A. (2020). Examining a congruency-typology model of leadership for learning using two-level latent class analysis with TALIS 2018. (OECD Education Working Papers, No. 219), OECD Publishing https://doi.org/10.1787/c963073b- en [Crossref], [Google Scholar]
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021, December 17). Thematic Analysis. SAGE Publications Inc. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/thematic- analysis/book248481
Bush, T. (2022). Challenges facing school principals: Problems and solutions. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 50(4), 533–535. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221096238
Caulfield, J. (2019, September 6). How to do Thematic Analysis. Scribbr.https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/thematic- analysis/
Camarero-Figuerola, M., Cebrián-Bernat, G., Iranzo-García, P., & Tierno-García, J. M. (2022). School leadership practices, challenges and opportunities in Spain from key agents’perspective. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1).https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2126604
Creagh, S., Thompson, G., Mockler, N., Stacey, M., & Hogan, A. (2023). Workload, work intensification and time poverty for teachers and school leaders: A systematic research
synthesis. Educational Review, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2023.2196607
Cruz-González, C., Rodríguez, C. L., & Segovia, J. D. (2020). A systematic review of principals’ leadership identity from 1993 to 2019. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(1), 31–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143219896053
Das, U. (2022). Online Learning: Challenges and Solutions for Learners and Teachers. Management and Labour Studies,48(2),0258042X2110695.https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042x211069501
DeMott, S. (2020). Research Guides: Library Support for Qualitative Research: Interview Skills. Guides.library.harvard.edu. https://guides.library.harvard.edu/qualitative/inter viewing
Department Basic Education (2019).STRATEGY TO IMPROVE SCHOOL MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNANCE IN SCHOOLS.
https://www.education.gov.za/Portals/0/Documents/Pub lications/Principals/STRATEGY%20TO%20IMPROVE%20SCHOO L%20MANAGEMENT%20AND%20GOVERNANCE%20IN%20SCHOOLS.pdf? ver=2019-06-27-103843-220
Dolph, D. (2016). Challenges and Opportunities for School Improvement:Recommendations for Urban School Principals. Education and Urban Society, 49(4), 363–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124516659110
Drew, C. (2022, March 27). 15 Top Stakeholders in Education (2022). Helpfulprofessor.com. https://helpfulprofessor.com/stakeholders-in- education/
Dunduza |, L. (2024, April 18). Research presents at the 2024 National AERA Conference. American University. https://www.american.edu/soe/news/aera-2024.cfm
Education, W. (2023).The Best and Worst Things About Being a Principal | Education World. (n.d.).Www.educationworld.com. https://www.educationworld.com/a_admin/admin/admin25 3.shtml
Erwin, B., & Silva-Padrón, G. (2022). State Policies to Support Student-Centered Learning. Policy Brief. ERIC. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED625422
Ferguson, C. J., & Smith, S. (2023). Race, class, and criminal adjudication: Is the US criminal justice system as biased as is often assumed? A meta- analytic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 75, 101905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2023.101905
Fulmer, I. S., Gerhart, B., & Kim, J. H. (2023). Compensation and Performance: A Review and Recommendations for the Future. Personnel Psychology, 76(2), 687–718. wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12583
Gaikhorst, L., März, V., Pré, R., & Geijsel, F. (2020). Workplace conditions for successful teacher professional development: School principals’ beliefs and practices. European Journal of Education, 54(4), 605–620. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12366
Gov, S. (2022). School Climate Strategies and Resources. https://www.schoolsafety.gov/sites/default/files/202 2 03/SchoolSafety.gov_School_Climate_Strategies_and_Re sources_March2022.pdf
Govindasamy, V. (2022, November). The principal’s role in managing curriculum change: Implications for the provision of quality education [Review of The principal’s role in managing curriculum change: Implications for the provision of quality education]. Https://Www.researchgate.net/Publication/367538320_T he_principal%27s_role_in_managing_curriculum_change_ implications_for_the_provision_of_quality_education.
Griffiths, A.-J., Alsip, J., Hart, S. R., Round, R. L., & Brady, J. (2020). Together We Can Do so Much: aSystematic Review and Conceptual Framework of Collaboration in Schools. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 36(1), 082957352091536.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573520915368
Guide, I. C. (2022, October 1). Should I Be a Principal? (With Duties, Benefits and Salary) [Review of Should I Be a Principal? (With Duties, Benefits and Salary)].Https://Www.indeed.com/Career- Advice/Finding-a-Job/Should-i-Be-Principal.
Hoque, K. E., Wang, X., Qi, Y., & Norzan, N. (2023). The factors associated with teachers’ job satisfaction and their impacts on students’ achievement: a review (2010–2021). Humanities and Social Sciences Communications,10(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01645-7
Jia, Y., Gesing, P., Jun, H.-J., Burbage, A. K., Hoang, T., Kulo, V., Cestone, C., McBrien, S., & Tornwall,
J. (2022). Exploring the impacts of learning modality changes: Validation of the learning modality change community of inquiry and self- efficacy scales. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022- 11258-3
Jiang, X., & Liu, R. (2024). Factors influencing school climate: an empirical study based on the TALIS principal survey. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications,11(1),1–10. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03203-1
Kaul, M., VanGronigen, B. A., and Simon, N. S. (2020). Calm during crisis: school principal approaches to crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic. CPRE Policy Briefs. 1–12.
Lester, J. N., Cho, Y., & Lochmiller, C. R. (2020). Learning to Do Qualitative Data Analysis: A Starting Point. Human Resource Development Review, 19(1), 94–106.Sagepub.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15344843209 03890
Levin, J., & Datnow, A. (2021). School Effectiveness and School Improvement. 23(2),179201.https://ccl.northwestern.edu/papers/2021/LevinDatnow 2021.pdf
Lieberman, M. (2021, September 24). “No Respect and No Support”: K-12 Workers Explain Why Schools Struggle With Staffing.Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/leadership/no-respect-and-no- support-k-12-workers-explain-why-schools-struggle- with-staffing/2021/09
Lipscombe, K., Tindall-Ford, S., & Lamanna, J. (2021). School middle leadership: A systematic review. Educational Management Administration & Leadership,1–19.https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220983328 [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
Marshall, I. J., Marshall, R., Wallace, B. C., Brassey, J., & Thomas, J. (2019). Rapid reviews may produce different results to systematic reviews: a meta- epidemiological study. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology,109,30–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.12.015
M. Ed., E. A., & B. Ed., E. E. (2023). Being a School Principal Comes With Pros and Cons and Ups and Downs. ThoughtCo.https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-some- pros-and-cons-of-being-a-principal-3194531
Marsh, H. W., Dicke, T., Riley, P., Parker, P. D., Guo, J., Basarkod, G., & Martin, A. J. (2022). School principals’ mental health and well‐being under threat: A longitudinal analysis of workplace demands, resources,burnout,and well‐being. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being. ttps://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12423
Mawhinney, L., Rinke, C. R., and Day, C. (2019). There
Press.
Meador, D. (2019, March 18). Twelve Reasons I Love and Hate Being a Principal of a School [Review of Twelve Reasons I Love and Hate Being a Principal of a School]. https://www.thoughtco.com/reasons-i-love- and-hate-being-a-principal-of-a-school-3194530
Meyer, A. (2022). How can principal leadership practices promote teacher collaboration and organizational change? A longitudinal multiple case study of three school improvement initiatives. Journal of Educational Change, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-022-09451-9
Miller, W. (2023, September). Wallace’s work in K-12 education: Evidence on school leadership, summer learning, and afterschool [Review of Wallace’s work in K-12 education: Evidence on school leadership, summer learning, and afterschool]. https://wallacefoundation.org/resource/presentation/ wallaces-work-k-12-education-evidence-school- leadership-summer-learning-and
Mohapi, S. J., & Chombo, S. (2021). Governance collaboration in schools: the perceptions of principals, parents and educators in rural South Africa. Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1994723
Nadeem, M. (2024). Distributed leadership in educational contexts: A catalyst for school improvement. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 9, 100835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100835
NASSP.,(2024). The Sustainability of Curriculum Reform and Implementation Through Teacher Participation: Evidence from Social Studies Teachers. (2024). Journal of Curriculum Studies Research. https://doi.org/10.46303/jcsr.2024.6
NASSP. (2022, September 6). NASSP Survey Reveals the Extent of Challenges Facing Schools. NASSP. https://www.nassp.org/2022/09/06/nassp-survey-of- principals-and-students-reveals-the-extent-of- challenges-facing-schools/
OECD. (2019). TALIS 2018 results (Volume I): Teachers and school leaders as lifelong learners. https://doi.org/10.1787/1d0bc92a- en [Crossref], [Google Scholar]
Oestar, J. (2022, June). Students’ Behavioral Problems and Teachers’ Discipline Strategies in Class [Review of Students’ Behavioral Problems and Teachers’ Discipline Strategies in Class]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361736484_S tudents'_Behavioral_Problems_and_Teachers'_Disciplin e_Strategies_in_Class
Pak, K., Polikoff, M. S., Desimone, L. M., & Saldívar García, E. (2020). The adaptive challenges of curriculum implementation: Insights for educational leaders driving standards-based reform. AERA Open, 6(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858420932828
Paperny, T. (2020, August 13). A School Leader’s Guide to Effective Stakeholder Engagement. Bellwether. https://bellwether.org/publications/school-leaders- guide-effective-stakeholder-engagement/
Philippine Professional Standards for School Heads (PPSSH)-NQESH Reviewer. (2021, November 9). Nqesh.teacherph.com. ttps://nqesh.teacherph.com/philippine-professional- standards-school-heads- pssh/#:~:text=In%20line%20with%20the%20commitment%2 0of%20the%20Department
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 JANINE M. LLAVORE (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.