Problems Encountered by Kindergarten Teachers in Teaching Literacy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15336948Keywords:
Kindergarten teachers, problems encountered, teaching literacyAbstract
Kindergarten teachers’ dedication to teaching literacy amidst that challenging profession is a valuable determinant of childhood and lifelong student learning. The key purpose of this study is to find out the problems encountered by kindergarten teachers in teaching literacy in four districts of a large division in Central Philippines for the school year 2024-2025 as the basis for an intervention plan. Descriptive research used a 40-item survey questionnaire to gather data from fifty-three (53) kindergarten teachers and discover their literacy teaching problems. The results revealed that the degree of difficulties encountered by kindergarten teachers in the areas of professional development, instructional materials, classroom management, and parental support was moderate. In addition, there was a significant difference in the degree of problems encountered by kindergarten teachers in the area of parental support compared to their age. The result of this study serves as a basis for kindergarten teachers to improve themselves in the delivery of instruction in the kindergarten program. This calls for education authorities to give more attention to the kindergarten program by providing teachers with training and development programs, which stakeholders should support to overcome the problems faced by kindergarten teachers.
References
Abriol, M., Alapoop, M., Margallo, L., Ancheta, R., Manalastas, R., Manguilimotan, R., Capuno, R., Espina, R., Etcuban, J., Calasang, V., & Padillo, G. (2022). Experiences of parents and teachers on kindergarten pupils’ readiness in the new normal. European Journal of Education and Pedagogy. 3. 109-115. 10.24018/ejedu.2022.3.4.424.
Adao, L., Relleve, C. C., Salazar, J., Macawile, K. F., & Chavez, M. (2023). Teachers’ challenges, capabilities, and needs in teaching learners with reading difficulties. Journal of Science and Education (JSE), 3(3): 221-231. https://doi.org/10.56003/jse.v3i3.173
Allehyani, H.S. (2023). Facing forward: obstacles and related implications for kindergarten teachers' professional development. International Journal of Modern Education Studies, 7(2), 596-618. https://doi.org/10.51383/ijonmes.2023.344
Alqahtani, A. (2021) Lack of qualified English teachers in Saudi schools. English Language Teaching, 14(1), 24-29.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1318374.pdf
Ames, H., Glenton, C. & Lewin, S. (2019). Purposive sampling in a qualitative evidence synthesis: a worked example from a synthesis on parental perceptions of vaccination communication. BMC Med Res Methodol 19, 26 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-019-0665-4
Ask, A. S. (2019). Implementation of action plans. Journal for the International Society for Teacher Education, 23(1), 27-39.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1237577.pdf
Barrington, K. (2019). How important is the student-teacher ratio for students? Public School Review.
https://www.publicschoolreview.com/blog/how-important-is-the-student-teacher-ratio-for-students
Botoy, J. L. (2020). Challenges of kindergarten teachers in the implementation of kindergarten program in private and public schools in cabadbaran city division. Graduate School Journal on Researches, 2(1), 96–106. Retrieved from https://journal.normi.edu.ph/index.php/gsjr/article/view/24
Cervantes, K., Magno, M., & Monto, J. (2022). A descriptive study on class size toward senior high school students’ evaluation of robotics teachers. Education Resources Information Center.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED625380.pdf
Del Rosario, M.J. (2021. The road to literacy and numeracy development. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 11(4) 318-324 http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.11.04.2021.p11242
DepEd Order No. 47, s. 2016. Omnibus policy on kindergarten education. https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/ 2019/01/DO_s2016_47.pdf
Eroglu, M. & Kaya, V. (2021). Professional development barriers of teachers. International Journal of curriculum and Instruction, 13(2),196-1922
Frimpong, S. (2023). Kindergarten teachers’ challenges to the teaching of literacy skills among kindergarteners in Shama District of Ghana. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research. 6. 10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i9-26.
Galang, A., Dela Cruz, A., & Dela Cruz, R. (2021). Investigating student-teacher ratio as a factor in reading performance: The case of the Philippines. ETERNAL (English, Teaching, Learning, and Research Journal), 7(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.24252/eternal.v71.2021.a4
Gallego, P. & Caingoy, M. (2020). Competencies and professional development needs of kindergarten teachers. International Journal of Integrated Education, 1(7), 69-81
Garibay, C.M. (2023). Difficulties encountered by kindergarten teachers. Unpublished masters’ thesis. STI West Negros University.
Hojo, M. (2021). Association between student-teacher ratio and teachers’ working hours and workload stress: evidence from a nationwide survey in Japan. BMC Public Health 21, 1635. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11677-w
Hughes, T. R. (2019). Could more holistic policy addressing classroom discipline help mitigate teacher attrition? eJournal of Education Policy, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.37803/ejepS2002
Janardhanan, S., & Raghavan, S. (2018). The influence of rewards in enhancing employee performance through psychological empowerment. International Journal of Business and Management 1 (2): 106-111 https://www.ijbmjournal.com/uploads/2/6/8/1/26810285/016-ijbm-106-111.pdf
Juliano, T.J., Barandino, C.J., Curam, R., Pasco, K.K., & Torrero, K.A. (2023). Real heroes don't wear capes: the lived experience and challenges faced by preschool teachers amidst the blended learning. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 7(3): 166-173 https://scimatic.org/show_manuscript/1027
Larawan, J. M. (2023). Problems encountered in the implementation of kindergarten program in selected public and private schools in Narra District. Published Master’s Thesis. Western Philippine University.
Poyogao, A. (2023, March 27). DepEd Challenges in Numeracy and Literacy. An Article. SunStar Bacolod. https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/sun-star-bacolod/20230327/281522230341311
Rajapaksha, P.L.N (2016). Problems faced by preschool teachers when using teaching aids in the teaching learning process. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(1) 97-109
Rayla, A. and Sonsona (2023). Developing speaking skills teaching materials for filipino senior high school students. Journal of English Education Vol. 9 No. 1, 2023 http://journal.upp.ac.id/index.php/JEE P-ISSN: 2459-9719, E-ISSN 2597-7091 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30606/jee
Siyi, Z., Bautista, M. A., Las Piñas, G. B., Mongcal, J. M., Laureta, D. J. E., & Gedorio Jr, F. E. (2024) Factors Influencing Parent's View on Preschools' Advanced Learning in Various Interest Classes.
Sosas, R.V. (2021). Technology in teaching speaking and its effects to students learning English. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(2), 958-970. Doi: 10.52462/jlls.66
Susulan, N., Talipan, S. & Matolo, M.L. (2022). Class size: its implication to pupils’ learning. Multidisciplinary Journal of Psychology and Education, 1(1), 88-91
Trochim, W. M. K. (2021). Research methods knowledge base. in social research methods.
https://socialresearchmethods.net/kb/descriptive-statistics/
Velonta, F. (2022). Problems encountered by kindergarten teachers. Unpublished master’s Thesis. STI West Negros University.
Vural, D., Pişkin, N. B., & Durmuşoğlu, M. C. (2021). Problems and practices experienced by preschool teachers in inclusive education. International Journal of Curriculum and Instructional Studies, 11(2),
287-308. DOI: 10.31704/ijocis.2021.014
Wang, L. & and Calvano, L. (2021). Class size, student behaviors, and educational outcomes. Organization Management Journal, 19(4)126-142. DOI 10.1108/OMJ-01-2021-1139
Wei et al. (2022). A Systematic Review of Literature on Parental
Involvement and Its Impact on Children Learning Outcomes
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=128588
Winful, E. C. (2018). Enhancing teachers’ performance through training and development in Ghana Education Service (A Case Study of Ebenezer Senior High School). Journal of Human Resource Management, 6, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20180601.11
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Lee Riza B. Laguerder, Lisa C. Cañedo (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.