Students’ Perception of Academic Cheating in Online Learning: A Phenomenological Study
Keywords:
Perceptions, Academic Cheating, Online Learning, Student, CheatingAbstract
Academic cheating is a pervasive problem that poses significant challenges to educational institutions worldwide. Particularly now, it has become more rampant as we transition to a new normal setting due to the COVID-19 pandemic wherein we transition to a new normal delivery course and the rise of online learning platforms has revolutionized education, offering flexibility and accessibility to students worldwide. This study critically analyzed the problem of academic cheating, examining its causes, consequences, and implications for the learning of students. By exploring the underlying aspects contributing to cheating behavior and its impact on students, educators, and the integrity of the educational system, this study aimed to raise awareness and propose potential solutions to address this pressing concern. It explores the different perspectives of the students on academic cheating in online learning at Mandaue City College with the use of a qualitative approach based on Husserlian Descriptive Phenomenology to explore subjective experiences and gain insights into students’ actions and motivations in engaging in this behavior. This study was conducted through the 10 informants that are identified by a chosen instructor as gatekeeper basing their academic performances during online learning. The findings indicate that the perception of students towards academic cheating is categorized into ethical and unethical behavior, a complex issue influenced by individual and contextual aspects, and the interplay between academic cheating and academic achievement. Recognizing this aspect and their interplay guides the researchers to comprehensively enhance programs to address cheating behavior, ultimately fostering a culture of academic integrity within educational institutions. It is recommended that teachers have another way of administering tests, exams, and activities with the use of technology (eg. Proctoring Software), and build up study routines for students to lessen academic cheating.
References
Abalos, Rivera, Locsin, and Schoenhofer (2016). Husserlian Phenomenology and
Colaizzi's Method of Data Analysis: Exemplar in Qualitative Nursing Inquiry Using Nursing As CaringTheory.https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Husserlian-Phenomenology-and-Colaizzi%27s-Method-of-Evalyn-E.-Abalos-Reynaldo-Y.-Rivera/9177620d2152b32e5869f137c57b38aa63ea39f3
Adzima, K. (2020). Examining Online Cheating in Higher Education Using Traditional
Classroom Cheating as a Guide. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1276300
Agazu, B. G.. Dejenu, A. K., & Debela, K. L. (2022). A comparative review of
Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. The Qualitative Report, 27(, 1499.1508. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5748
Anderman E., (2015). Students cheat for good grades. Why not make the classroom
about learning and not testing?. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/amp/students-cheat-for-good-grades-why-not-make-the-cassroom-about-learning-and-not-testing-39556
Beaussart et al., 2013; Gino and Ariely, 2012; Walczyk et al., 2008; Wang and Si, 2014
in Zhang et al., 2021
Black, E., Greasers J., & Dawson, K. (2014). Academic honesty in traditional and
online classrooms: Does the "media equation" hold true? Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 12(3-4), 23-30.
Black, E., Greasers J., Greaser J., & Dawson, K. (2019). Academic honesty in
traditional and online classrooms: Does the "media equation"
Boaler J., Brown, K., LaMar T., Leshin M., and Selbach-Allen M. (2022). Infusing
Mindset through Mathematical Problem Solving and Collaboration: Studying the Impact of a Short College Intervention. Educ. Sci. 12(10), 694.
Boaler J., Dieckmann J.A., LaMar T., Leshin M., Selbach-Allen M. and Pérez-Núñez G.
(2021). The Transformative Impact of a Mathematical Mindset Experience Taught at […]
Busetto, L., Wick, W. & Gumbinger, C. (2020). How to use and assess qualitative
researchmethods.https://neurolrespract.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42466-020- 00059-z
Charlesworth, P., Charlesworth, D.D., & Vician, C. (2006). Students' perspectives of the
influence of web-enhanced coursework on incidence of cheating. Journal ofChemical Education. 83(9): 1368-1376.
Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing Grounded Theory (2nd ed.). Sage.
Charmaz, K. & Thornberg, R. (2020). The pursuit of quality in grounded theory.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14780887.2020.1780357
Chern H., Curto S., (2020). The Pressures of Cheating. Best of SNO.
https://www.mvnews.org/the-pressures-of-cheating/
Chow, H., Jurdi-hage, R. & Hage, H. S. (2021). Justifying academic dishonesty: A
survey of Canadian university students. International Journal of Academic Research in Education, 7 (1), 16-28. DOI: 10.17985/ijare.951714
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five
Approaches (3rd ed.). Sage
Creswell, J.W. and Poth, C.N. (2018) Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design
Choosing among Five Approaches. 4th Edition, SAGE Publications, Inc., ThousandOaks.https://www.scirp.org/(S(lz5mqp453edsnp55rrgjct55))/reference/ReferencesPaprs.aspx?ReferenceID=2155979
Daumiller M., Janke S. (2019). The Impact of Performance Goals on Cheating Depends
on How Performance Is Evaluated. Sage Journals https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2332858419894276
Delve. Ho, L., & Limpaecher, A.(2022c, March 17). What is Phenomenological
Research Design? Essential Guide to Coding Qualitative Data.https://delvetool.com/blog/phenomenology
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2018). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative
Research (5th ed.). Sage.
Diego L.A. (2017). Friends with Benefits: Causes and Effects of Learners’ Cheating
Practices During Examination. IAFOR Journal of Education.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1156266.pdf
Diego, L. (2017). Friends with Benefits: Causes and Effects of
Learners’ Cheating Practices During Examination. The International Conference on Education 2017, Dubai, UAE. February 26–28, 2017. Proceedings, pp.
–78.ISSN:2189-1036.http://papers.iafor.org/papers/iicedubai2017/IICEDubai2017_34786.pdf
Fask, A., Englander, F., & Wang, Z. (2014). Do online exams facilitate cheating? An
experiment designed to separate possible cheating from the effect of the online test taking the environment. Journal of Academic Ethics, 12(2), 101-112.
Finnis, J. (1980). Natural Law and Natural Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Goddard, W., & Melville, S. (2004). Research methodology: An introduction (2nd ed.).
Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.Tollefsen, C. (2020). The Good of Play in John
Finnis's Natural Law and Natural Rights.https://www.scirp.org/(S(lz5mqp453edsnp55rrgjct55))/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=2116560
Johnston D. P. CHEATERS AREN'T DUMB, THEY'RE JUST LAZY. Teen Ink.
https://www.teenink.com/opinion/all/article/16874/Cheaters-Arent-Dumb-Theyre-JustLazy#comments
Kibin. (2023). Reasons why students cheat in
exams.http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/reasons-why-students-cheat-in-exams-ftofzYhI
Lang, J.M. (2013), Cheating lessons: Learning from academic dishonesty. Cambridge,
MA:Harvard University Press. Learning & Education, 5(3), 294-305. Merriam, S. B.,& Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Malesky A. et. al. (2021). The Effects of Peer Influence, Honor Codes, and Personality
Traits on Cheating Behavior in a University Setting. Taylor and Francis Online.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10508422.2020.1869006
McCabe, D. L., Treviño, L. K., & Butterfield, K. D. (2001). Cheating in academic
institutions:A decade of research. Ethics & Behavior, 11(3), 219-232.
McCabe, D. L., Butterfield, K. D., & Trevino, L. K. (2006). Academic dishonesty in
graduate business programs: Prevalence, causes, and proposed action. Academy of Management
McCabe, D. L., Butterfield, K. D., & Trevino, L. K. (2016). Cheating in Academic
Institutions: A Decade of Research.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/S15327019EB1103_2
McCabe, D. L., Butterfield, K. D., & Trevino, L. K. (2012). Cheating in college: Why
students do it and what educators can do about it.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287316652_Cheating_in_college_Why_stud ents_do_it_and_what_educators_can_do_about_it
Morrow, R. et.al. (2015).
Patton, M. Q. (1990), Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (2nd ed.). Newbury
Park, CA:Sage.
Paul, J. & Jefferson, F. (2019). A Comparative Analysis of Student Performance in an
Online vs. Face-to-Face Environmental Science Course From 2009 to 2016. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2019.00007/full#:~:text=Traditionally%2C%20 clas
Ramberg J., Modin B. (2019). School effectiveness and student cheating: Do students’
grades and moral standards matter for this relationship? [Online]. Social Psychology of Education
Ravitch S., Riggan M. (2016). Reason & Rigor: How Conceptual Frameworks Guide Research.
https://books.google.com.ph/books/about/Reason_Rigor.html?id=lvBQCwAAQBAJ&redir_es=y
Scott, L. (2018). Proceedings of Arcom Doctoral Workshop Research Methodology
Scott, L. (2018). Proceedings of Arcom Doctoral Workshop Research Methodology.
Simmons, A. (2018). Why Students Cheat—and What to Do About It.
https://www.edutopia.org/article/why-students-cheat-and-what-do-about-it
Smith, G., Ferguson, D., and Caris, M. (2001). Teaching college courses online
vs.face-to-face. T.H.E. Journal, April. Retrieved December 10, 2006, from
http://thejournal.com/Articles/2001/04/01/Teaching-College-Courses-Online-vs-acetFace.aspx
Soffer T., Cohen A. (2019). Students' engagement characteristics predict success and
completion of online courses.
Stephens, J. , Watson, P. , Alansari, M. & Lee, G. (2021). Can Online Academic Integrity
Instruction Affect University Students’ Perceptions of and Engagement in Academic Dishonesty? Results From a Natural Experiment in New Zealand. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349446534_Can_Online_Academic_Integrity_Instruction_Affect_University_Students'_Perceptions_of_and_Engagement_in_Academic_Dishonesty_Results_From_a_Natural_Experiment_in_New_Zealand
Suryani, Welch, Cox (2016). The Application of Colaiizi’s Method in Conducting
Research Across Two Language.https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Application-of-Colaiizi%E2%80%99s-Method-in-Conducting-Suryani-Welch/8eaa0238c7e1e58850e89eb036a0d105969b0b33
Tabassum, Fox, and Hynes (2020). Dating with a diagnosis: The lived experience of
people with Multiple Sclerosis. https://aran.library.nuigalway.ie/bitstream/handle/10379/16416/ECTRIMS_ACTRIMS_Dating_with_a_diagnosis_poster_presention.pdf
Tanis, C. J. (2020). The seven principles of online learning: Feedback from faculty and
alumni on its importance for teaching and learning.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1257615.pdf
Turunen, H., Perälä, M.L. and Meriläinen, P. (1994) Modification of Colaizzi’s
Phenomenological Method: A Study Concerning Quality Care. Hoitotiede, 6,8-15.https://www.scirp.org/%28S%28vtj3fa45qm1ean45vvffcz55%29%29/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1592219
Walker T. (2017). Technology Makes it Easier, But What Do We Really Know About
Why Students Cheat?. National Education Association.https://www.nea.org/advocating-for-change/new-from-nea/technology-makes-it-easier-what-do-we-really-know-about-why-students-cheat#:~:text=%2C%22%20says%20Hmphrey.-,One%2Dthird%20of%20high%20school%20students%20admit%20to%20usng%20cell,students%20that%20cheating%20is%20unacceptable
Wirihana et al. (2018). Using Colaizzi's method of data analysis to explore the
experiences of nurse academics teaching on satellite campuses. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29546965/
Yang et al., 2017, S.C. Yang, F.K. Chiang, C.L. Huang. A comparative study of
academic dishonesty among university students in mainland China and Taiwan Asia Pacific Education Review, 18 (2017), pp. 385-399, 10.1007/s12564-017-9497-2
Yang, S. C., Huang, C.-L., and Chen, A.-S. (2013). An investigation of college students’
perceptions of academic dishonesty, reasons for dishonesty, achievement goals, and willingness to report dishonest behavior. Ethics Behav. 23, 501–522. Doi:10.1080/10508422.2013.802651
Zhao et al., 2021,. Using environmental nudges to reduce academic cheating in young
children Developmental Science (2021), Article e13108, 10.1111/desc.13108 1–8