Assessing the Role of Leadership in Shaping EDI Policies and Initiatives in Hospitality Industries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Review
Keywords:
Leadership, Equity, Diversity, Inclusion, Hospitality IndustryAbstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigate the intricate relationship between leadership styles and Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) policies in the hospitality industry. Employing the PRISMA guidelines and quality assessments through CASP and JBI tools, the study synthesizes evidence from diverse research, drawing on transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles. Findings consistently highlight the positive impact of transformational leadership on EDI policy development, aligning with organizational values and fostering inclusive cultures. The study uncovers variability in the effects of transactional and laissez-faire leadership, emphasizing the contextual nuances influencing their efficacy. Leadership commitment emerges as a critical driver, shaping organizational dedication to diversity. Organizations led by committed leaders are more likely to implement comprehensive EDI policies, influencing practices in recruitment, promotion, and retention. Additionally, positive associations are identified between effective leadership, EDI policies, and favorable employee outcomes. Employees perceiving leaders as diversity advocates report higher job satisfaction, engagement, and contribute to improved teamwork and innovation. This study not only enriches the understanding of leadership's role in shaping EDI policies within the hospitality industry but also provides valuable insights for organizational leaders and policymakers aiming to create inclusive environments in this dynamic sector.
References
Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. I. (1999). Re‐examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 72(4), 441-462.
Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Weber, T. J. (2009). Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions. Annual review of psychology, 60, 421-449.
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership: Good, better, best. Organizational dynamics, 13(3), 26-40.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership.
CASP. (2017) Critical Appraisal Skill Programme-Cohort study Checklist (online). Available at: http://www.casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists
Cox, T. (1994). Cultural diversity in organizations: Theory, research and practice. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Cox, T. H., & Blake, S. (1991). Managing cultural diversity: Implications for organizational competitiveness. Academy of Management Perspectives, 5(3), 45-56.
Dagala, F., Kilag, O. K., Unabia, R., & Arcillo, M. (2023). The Crucial Role of Educational Leaders in Optimizing School Efficiency. Excellencia: International Multi-disciplinary Journal of Education (2994-9521), 1(6), 263-273.
Dunst, C. J., Bruther, M. B., Hamby, D. W., Howse, R., & Wilkie, H. (2018). Meta-Analysis of the Relationships between Different Leadership Practices and Organizational, Teaming, Leader, and Employee Outcomes. Journal of International Education and Leadership, 8(2), n2.
Fodor, M. M., Komorowski, M., & Turegeldinova, A. (2023). The relationship between firm attributes and attitudes towards diversity. Sustainability, 15(9), 7481.
García-Rodríguez, F. J., Dorta-Afonso, D., & Gonzalez-de-la-Rosa, M. (2020). Hospitality diversity management and job satisfaction: The mediating role of organizational commitment across individual differences. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 91, 102698
Hope Pelled, L., Ledford, Jr, G. E., & Albers Mohrman, S. (1999). Demographic dissimilarity and workplace inclusion. Journal of Management studies, 36(7), 1013-1031.
Jackson, S. E., Joshi, A., & Erhardt, N. L. (2003). Recent research on team and organizational diversity: SWOT analysis and implications. Journal of management, 29(6), 801-830.
Jehn, K. A., De Wit, F. R., Barreto, M., & Rink, F. (2015). Task conflict asymmetries: effects on expectations and performance. International Journal of Conflict Management, 26(2), 172-191.
Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) (2014) Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2014 Edition. South Australia: The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide. ISBN: 978-1-920684-11-2.
Kalev, A., Dobbin, F., & Kelly, E. (2006). Best practices or best guesses? Assessing the efficacy of corporate affirmative action and diversity policies. American sociological review, 71(4), 589-617.
Kilag, O. K. T., Tiongzon, B. D., Paragoso, S. D., Ompad, E. A., Bibon, M. B., Alvez, G. G. T., & Sasan, J. M. (2023). HIGH COMMITMENT WORK SYSTEM AND DISTRIBUTIVE LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR. Gospodarka i Innowacje., 36, 389-409.
Kilag, O. K., Tokong, C., Enriquez, B., Deiparine, J., Purisima, R., & Zamora, M. (2023). School Leaders: The Extent of Management Empowerment and Its Impact on Teacher and School Effectiveness. Excellencia: International Multi-disciplinary Journal of Education (2994-9521), 1(1), 127-140.
Kilag, O. K. T., & Sasan, J. M. (2023). Unpacking the Role of Instructional Leadership in Teacher Professional Development. Advanced Qualitative Research, 1(1), 63-73.
Martinez, N., Kilag, O. K., & Macario, R. (2023). The Impact of Organizational Culture on Leadership Strategies in Crisis Management. Excellencia: International Multi-disciplinary Journal of Education (2994-9521), 1(5), 454-466.
Malbas, M., Kilag, O. K., Diano Jr, F., Tiongzon, B., Catacutan, A., & Abendan, C. F. (2023). In Retrospect and Prospect: An Analysis of the Philippine Educational System and the Impact of K-12 Implementation. Excellencia: International Multi-disciplinary Journal of Education (2994-9521), 1(4), 283-294.
Konrad, A. M. (2006). Examining the contours of workplace diversity. Prasad et. al.(2006), 1-22.
Martinez, V., Zhao, M., Blujdea, C., Han, X., Neely, A., & Albores, P. (2019). Blockchain-driven customer order management. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 39(6/7/8), 993-1022.
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group*. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Annals of internal medicine, 151(4), 264-269.
Nangolo, F. (2016). The role of leadership in shaping organisational culture in a school in Namibia.
Nguyen, N. T., Yadav, M., Pande, S., Bhanot, A., & Hasan, M. F. (2022). Impact of diversity management on organizational performance in hotel organizations: a conceptual framework. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 1-11.
Northouse, P. G. (2021). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.
Piala, M., Kilag, O. K., Tañiza, F. N., Groenewald, E., Abella, J., & Cordova Jr, N. (2024). Curriculum in Action: Probing into Facilitators and Impediments in the Philippine Educational Setting. Excellencia: International Multi-disciplinary Journal of Education (2994-9521), 2(1), 1-11.
Sfantou, D. F., Laliotis, A., Patelarou, A. E., Sifaki-Pistolla, D., Matalliotakis, M., & Patelarou, E. (2017, October). Importance of leadership style towards quality of care measures in healthcare settings: a systematic review. In Healthcare (Vol. 5, No. 4, p. 73). MDPI.
Shore, L. M., Randel, A. E., Chung, B. G., Dean, M. A., Holcombe Ehrhart, K., & Singh, G. (2011). Inclusion and diversity in work groups: A review and model for future research. Journal of management, 37(4), 1262-1289.
Smith, M., Lix, L. M., Azimaee, M., Enns, J. E., Orr, J., Hong, S., & Roos, L. L. (2018). Assessing the quality of administrative data for research: a framework from the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 25(3), 224-229.
Uy, F. T., Sasan, J. M., & Kilag, O. K. (2023). School Principal Administrative-Supervisory Leadership During the Pandemic: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study. International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education, 5(1), 44-62.
Verma, A. (2020). Critical review of literature of the impact of workforce diversity (specifically age, gender, and ethnic diversity) on organizational competitiveness. Asian Journal of Management, 11(1), 125-130.
Villarin, S., Kilag, O. K., Ceniza, T., Albaño, V., Lonzaga, A. M., & Rallos Jr, R. (2024). Understanding the Interplay of History, Culture, and Policies in Philippine School Leadership. Excellencia: International Multi-disciplinary Journal of Education (2994-9521), 2(1), 155-163.
