SUPERVISORY SKILLS AND PERFORMANCE OF PRINCIPALS: A LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PLAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15894955Keywords:
Instructional Supervision, Leadership Performance, Public School Principals, Strategic Leadership, Professional DevelopmentAbstract
This study examined the profile, instructional supervision skills, leadership performance, and influencing factors of public-school principals in Calbayog City for the school year 2024–2025. Findings reveal that the principals are predominantly middle-aged, academically qualified, experienced, and committed to continuous professional development. Their instructional supervision skills were rated Outstanding across key domains such as strategic leadership, managing operations, teaching and learning focus, self-development, and relationship building, with strong alignment between teacher and principal perceptions. Leadership qualities such as trust, accountability, and inclusive participation were highly regarded, although minor gaps were noted in risk tolerance and active listening. Demographic and professional factors, including age, education, rank, experience, and training, significantly influenced leadership effectiveness, with female principals demonstrating greater openness and inspirational skills. The study also identified a strong positive correlation between instructional supervision and overall leadership performance, emphasizing the importance of balancing strategic planning with collaborative decision-making. The study recommends that the Schools Division of Calbayog City implement a continuous and tailored professional development and mentoring program for principals, focusing on strengthening strategic leadership while addressing gaps in innovation, active listening, and community engagement. Leadership training should consider individual backgrounds and promote gender-inclusive practices. A performance monitoring system is also advised to maintain accountability. The key output is the proposed Calbayog Principal Leadership Excellence and Advancement Program (LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PLAN), a structured initiative combining mentoring, targeted training, collaboration, and evaluation to develop visionary and effective school leaders.
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